Chemical and Common Names of Chemicals
used or Formed in Softening Reactions.
- CaO Calcium Oxide
- Ca(HCO3)2 Calcium Bicarbate
- Na2SO4 Sodium Sulfate
- Na2NO3 Sodium Nitrate
- MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride
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- Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide
- H2O Water
- CaCl2 Calcium Chloride
- Mg(NO3)2 Magnesium Bicarbonate
- Mg (NO3)2 Magnesium Nitrate
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- CO2 Carbon Dioxide
- CaSO4 Calcium Sulfate
- NaCl Sodium Chloride
- Mg(OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide
- NaOH Sodium Hydroxide
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- CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
- Na2CO3 Sodium Carbonate
- Ca(NO)3 Calcium Nitrate
- MgSO4 Magnesium Sulfate
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Common names used for treatment chemicals,
CaO ~ quick lime , Ca(OH)2 ~ hydrated lime , Na2CO3 ~ soda ash , NaOH ~ caustic
Lime Soda Ash Chemical Reactions
- CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + heat
- Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 ↓ + H2O
- CaCl2 + Na2CaCO3 → CaCO3↓ + NaCl
- Mg(HCO3)2 +2Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 ↓ + 2CaCO3 ↓ + 2H2O
- MgCl2 + Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 ↓ + CaCO3 ↓
- MgSO4 + Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 ↓ + CaCO3 ↓ + Na2
SO4
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- Mg(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 ↓ + CaCO3 ↓ 2NaNO3
- Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 ↓ + 2Na(OH)
- 2Na(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 ↓ 2H2O + Na2CO3
- CO2 +Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 ↓ + 2H2O
- CaSO4 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3↓ + Na2SO4
- Ca(NO3)2 + Na2(CO)3 → CaCO3↓ 2NaNO3
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Do not let the above numerous chemical reactions scare you.To calculate softening dosage all you need is the Carbonate Hardness, Ca and Mg Hardness,
the Carbon Dioxide and the Non Carbonate hardness.The anions associated with the Ca and Mg ions are put into two groups the carbonate ones
and the non carbonates ones. Carbonate ones are CO3, HCO3, and OH. The Non Carbonate ones are every thing else.
While the calculate can be much simplified I wanted you to know that many reactions are going on.